The leader says to the men "My people are hungry, but I will let you make your case. If normal litter size is about 6, a COI of 30% - which is not uncommon in many breeds - would reduce the litter size by HALF. Inbreeding Depression. Inbreeding is the process of mating genetically similar organisms. The need for a systematic review to assess the impacts of inbreeding on wild populations was discussed by the UK Conservation. From the Home page, select the New Email icon to start a new message. The disadvantage is that it can. V přírodě ( přirozený výběr) k němu přirozeně dochází především v menších izolovaných populacích. There were significant differences in morbidity between breeds. Inbreeding depression. Full sib mating and back crossing of the progeny to the younger of the parents are often practiced. 007) (black dashed line) is the lowest level of recent inbreeding, which is like the average pedigree inbreeding of 0. Inbreeding reduces the genetic variation within that breed or population. Disadvantages: Can destroy well-adapted. Background Dog breeds are known for their distinctive body shape, size, coat color, head type and behaviors, features that are relatively similar across members of a breed. Inbreeding is one of the few natural biological processes that evokes deep-seated prejudices and invokes legal sanctions; as a result, it. Advantages: Outbreeding often produces offspring of superior quality because it increases homozygosity (the occurrence of two alleles for the same trait at corresponding. 5 kg. Why is hybridization bad? Type 1 hybridization results in sterile or non-viable F1 offspring because of genetic incompatibilities, the loss of local adaptations, and. 95 between FROH_total and FHOM, while the lowest was − 0. Inbreeding often results in offspring that are weaker than their parents which can reduce. Here are five of the worst examples and outcomes of SeaWorld's captive breeding practices: 1. In a 1993 study, it was found that, in Australian beef cattle, a 1% increase in inbreeding resulted in an increase of one day in the calving interval, while 2% fewer calves were weaned on average. It reduced immune function. With the animals living in closer proximity, it’s often difficult to step in and stop inbreeding. People are familiar with King Ludwig as the king who was completely out of. Inbreeding and pedigree construction. By analogy, the term is used in human reproduction, but more commonly refers to the genetic disorders and other consequences that may arise from. (Where, F 1 =first filial. As they report in this issue of Current Biology, Harrisson et al. [7] have performed an in-depth investigation into inbreeding depression in an endangered bird, and show that the costs of inbreeding can be very high indeed. It sounds like the only. Inbreeding has a negative effect on behaviors such as courtship and parenting in animal models, although definitive studies are lacking in livestock. Common alleles become more concentrated — the gene frequency increases in other words — and animals become more and more closely related with each generation. Create a new . Inbreeding was a common practice for elite pure-blood wizarding families wishing to uphold the tradition of marrying only wizards of respected ancestry. Fast inbreeding (smaller effective population size) resulted in greater reduction in population mean fitness than slow inbreeding, when populations were compared over similar inbreeding coefficients. Also, Inbreeding may expose harmful genes. Incest/Inbreeding Taboos. 1 nomic importance does influence the relative emphasis that should be placed on various traits in an inbreeding program. Identify a case of corporate fraud by finding a current event or by researching historical cases. The occurrence of inbreeding depression varies across species. briː. Out of four colors chosen (two of each), two colors were completely lost by the Fourth Gen, and six Dragons all had the same color. When inbreeding populations occur there are different levels of inbreeding extremes that can arise. Other factors such as outliers and founders will influence the. A disadvantage of inbreeding is that it dwindles the amount of diversity in the species. 3 and 0. But reason #3 is the reason why the other two reasons matter - - Inbreeding increases the expression of recessive mutations because it increases homozygosity. Note: Inbreeding depression is defined as a decline or loss of fitness and strength induced primarily by inbreeding. It provides a one-of-a-kind and uncomplicated. Inbreeding may result in reduced fitness for two reasons: an increased expression of deleterious. There may be a small increase in pre-potency (the degree to which a sire or dam will pass his or her characteristics consistently). It consists provisions for the atonement of this sin. Parents. Borderline inbreeding is grandparent to grandchild and half brother to half sister (so dogs who share the same, say, father. Measurement of inbreeding in terms of the degree of consanguinity between two parents is another significant application of data on consanguinity. Definition of consanguinity. KING LUDWIG II. Key Points. Inbreeding promotes the accumulation of good genes while deleting unfavourable ones. . Figure 16. Adder photo © Dr. The inbreeding coefficient of the Spanish Habsburg kings increased strongly along generations from 0. Yes, Manusmriti forbids sexual intercourse with a virgin girl (without marriage). How’d West Virginia get a reputation for inbreeding? Exaggeration-prone outsiders. 0156 (Bittles 2001), where (F) represents a measure of the proportion of loci at which the offspring of a consanguineous. Inbreeding to remove the “bad genes” increases homozygosity in the population overall, decreasing the diversity in. Pedigree-based inbreeding values tended to underestimate genomic-based inbreeding levels, which in turn varied depending on the method used for estimation. Tags > Theme > Other Elements > Pregnancy > Impregnation > Inbreeding. Inbreeding is a form of reproduction where the parents share relatives within about 4-6 generations. for companion animals suffering from a historic bottleneck. The purpose of this clinical report is to review the characteristic head shape changes, as well as secondary. CHAPTER 1. Although hybrid crop varieties are among the most popular agricultural innovations, the rationale for hybrid crop breeding is sometimes misunderstood. Some of the most powerful people from history h. The average for the seven traits that inbreeding negatively impacted in the study was between 0. [1] While consanguinity is not unique to the Arab or Islamic world, Arab countries have had "some of the highest rates of consanguineous marriages in. The incest taboo is one of the oldest and most perplexing mysteries encountered by students of human society. Biology questions and answers. The genomic analysis, published in Science Advances, found high levels of inbreeding, limited genetic diversity, and the presence of mutations that could impair. Human DNA is bundled into 23. Cloning is the least reliable form of reproduction. An inbred strain is a population of animals that result from a process of at least 20 sequential generations of brother–sister matings. This means that inbreeding is the mating of related animals within 4-6 generations. ). Inbreeding leads to reducing fertility. Background While the adoption of genomic evaluations in livestock has increased genetic gain rates, its effects on genetic diversity and accumulation of inbreeding have raised concerns in cattle populations. Not only could cloning help to extend life to even longer lengths, it could be a way to bring the rest of the world up to the. a situation in which plants, animals, or people are produced by breeding between closely related plants, animals, or people: the. Inbreeding, also called selfing, is the union of gametes derived from a single individual. Rather than marrying outside the family, the Habsburgs arranged close. One of the cubs. Cross- Breeding 7. [7] report findings from a 36-year study of helmeted honeyeaters ( Lichenostomus melanops cassidix;. In clinical genetics, a consanguineous marriage is defined as a union between two individuals who are related as second cousins or closer, with the inbreeding coefficient (F) equal or higher than 0. Inbreeding refers to the mating of closely- related individuals within the same breed. Inbreeding would cause an increase in recessive diseases. For More Than a hundred years, one of America's richest and most powerful families kept a dark secret: inbreeding. Step 7: Add together the value for each path connecting the sire and dam of the individual in question. There are two basic causes of problems in inbred individuals: simple bad recessive genes which can be removed from the genepool, and the simple lack of diversity in the genes. Now, researchers using data from the UK Biobank, a genetic. 3. The correlations between FPED and FROH using four classes of ROH lengths ranged from 0. About 40 percent of the population marries a cousin in Egypt, according to a 2016 report in The Economist,. For five years, a team of researchers in Germany and the United Kingdom pored over more than 450 papers that used the DNA of Roma people to understand how geneticists and other scholars obtained. Over time, natural selection weeds deleterious alleles out of a population — when the dominant deleterious alleles are expressed, they lower the carrier’s fitness, and fewer copies wind up in the next generation. And in nature, when the pros of. 2. Inbreeding may be close inbreeding or line breeding. We explored the relationships between inbreeding, morphology and health using genotype based inbreeding estimates, body weight and insurance data for morbidity. ii) It helps in accumulation of superior genes and elimination of less desirable genes. Outbreeding, the reverse case of inbreeding, means production of offspring through mating between individuals unrelated or distantly related by ancestral descendent. Does inbreeding still happen? In some states it is legal to be inbred. Mating with relatives (inbreeding) can result in offspring with reduced survival and fertility, a phenomenon known as inbreeding depression []. ; The effect of these factors can be calculated and remedial steps taken to slow down inbreeding, such as by introducing unrelated breeding stock. Páření mezi příbuznými jedinci využívá člověk jako jednu ze. Wolfgang Wüster. This can include mating between siblings, parent-child mating, or even mating between first cousins. makes sheep more genetically similar. Inbreeding refers to the mating of closely- related individuals within the same breed. 1 S Loci. New dairy animals created by AI or natural service inherit a random sampling of the genetic makeup of each parent. Although sometimes enforced by legal requirement on persons of royal birth, more often it has been a matter of political. They have opposite effects, the former improves performance and the latter decreases performance, particularly in reproductive traits. Genetic rescue, i. Name the breeding strategy is used to overcome productivity loss asked Jan 29, 2021 in Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production by Nadaa ( 52. 2013. Solution. 9. - It reveals the harmful recessive genes that are removed by selection. Some chickens lay smaller eggs or eggs without the outer shell, other chickens can have changed behaviour or are more likely to die from. Inbreeding is an issue in human reproduction because it increases the risk of recessive gene disorders Inbreeding: Inbreeding is used for the development of pure lines by increasing heterozygosity. A disadvantage of inbreeding is that it results in the reduction of fertility and productivity. Moreover, in small and fragmented populations that have low genetic diversity and experience inbreeding depression, hybridization can restore population viability [165,166]. Learn more. 3) inbreeding increases homozygosity, which increases the expression of recessive mutations. It is the genetic equivalent of a dog. Abstract: Science of breeding is playing great role from the earlier to current in field of agriculture to keep up the accessibility of food in the world. Breeding systems serve to promote and preserve desired genetic traits in a breed or species. Infestations: Bed Bugs. Royal intermarriage (also known as inbreeding) is the practice of members of ruling dynasties marrying into other reigning families. Gai, J. Human DNA is bundled into 23 pairs of chromosomes, within each chromosome there are hundreds of thousands of genes and what’s more, each gene has two copies known as alleles. Birth defects caused by inbreeding were rampant in royal families from Russia to Portugal and even in ancient Egypt, where the practice of sibling marriage was considered godly behavior. 7 standard deviations below the mean. Inbreeding, also called selfing, is the union of gametes derived from a single individual. Outbreeding 4. : existing as a basic part of a person's nature or character. “Inbreeding is the mating of individuals or organisms that are genetically closely related, resulting in increased homozygosity and consequently an increase in the occurrence of recessive traits,” according to Nature. It can encourage the growth of brain cells. It involves two main techniques viz. After finding a case, complete the following in your initial discussion post: Briefly summarize the case, including what happened, who was involved, and what damages were incurred. However, while inbreeding may not be a good idea for humans, for other species, the practice is not nearly as dangerous. (The genetic product of autogamy is identical with that of geitonogamy. Therefore, we generally reserve the term inbreeding for the mating of animals that are more closely related than the average of the breed. Above that, there are detrimental effects and risks, and the breeder needs to weigh these against whatever benefit is expected to gained. They have an inbred love of freedom. But it’s also led to inbreeding, and with that has come less favorable genetic issues, Australian researchers say. This, in turn, exposes recessive genetic variation otherwise hidden by. Inbreeding depression is a reduction in fitness in the offspring as a result of inbreeding. Crossbreeding is a method used to create new breeds, while out-crossing is a method used to strengthen an established line within one breed. The only certain conclusion I can offer is that inbreeding is devastating to a population's color diversity. Inbreeding is the mating of related individuals who have one or more ancestors in common [ 1 ]. One example of this happening because of selective breeding is the Narragansett Pacer. . Bed bugs, small wingless insects that feed solely on blood, are increasingly becoming a problem within residences of all kinds, including homes, apartments, hotels, cruise ships, dormitories and shelters. Inbreeding levels of 5-10% will have modest detrimental effects on the offspring. Growth, Development and Reproduction of Organisms - High School. 5m Africans were traded between 1515 and the mid-19th Century. When two closely related organisms ancestrally mate and produce offspring, it is considered inbreeding. brings out hidden genetics. The. Inbreeding is the mating of individuals that are related. Outbreeding: Outbreeding is used for the production of hybrid species with desirable characteristics. It does so by accumulating multiple crosses of one or more superior ancestors, typically at the fifth generation and beyond. The men are tied up and brought before leader of the cannibals. Somewhat ironically, inbreeding actually results in "improving" the genome, and the fact that inbreeding results in elimination of recessive deleterious mutations from the population is actually well known, at least by animal or plant breeders and scientists: the extent of inbreeding depression decreases over successive generations of. (NASA) Adam and Eve might have managed it in the Bible, but scientifically speaking, would two people be enough to repopulate our world from scratch, despite the inevitable health issues associated with inbreeding and a limited gene pool? First of all, let's deal with the obvious problems. Soft White Underbelly follow up interview and portrait of the Whittaker family of Odd, West Virginia. outcrossing 5. The chapter emphasizes the intimate connection between inbreeding and hierarchical population structure as measured by the F. In the developed world, the average lifespan is approaching 85 years for top nations. 137. This includes sire to daughter, son to dam, and brother to sister. inbreeding is asymmetrical skull development. Disadvantages of Outbreeding:. 25. Impact of Royal Inbreeding. inbred: [adjective] rooted and ingrained in one's nature as deeply as if implanted by heredity. Historically, the most important reason was the control of venereal diseases, particularly in cattle. , restoration of genetic diversity and mitigation of inbreeding depression through gene flow can be a valuable tool in conservation of. A third line of evidence for inbreeding comes from cheetahs’ high homozygosity. Continued inbreeding results in offspring that are very genetically alike. Google: inbreeding depression, allelic deletion, autosomal dominance, genetic bottlenecks, deleterious effects from inbreeding, scientific research articles on rabbit inbreeding experiments, the helmeted honey eater, the Florida panther, extinction vortex, checkered giant inbreeding experiment, Linebreeding mechanics involving. Inbreeding (also referred to as “consanguinity”) occurs when mates are related to each other due to incest, assortative mating, small population size, or. . The potential for AI to be used to control venereal disease was a major impetus. Science has shown that the children of an inbred family often have much shorter lifespans and are pl. Inbreeding is useful in the retention of desirable characteristics or the elimination of undesirable ones, but it often results in decreased vigour, size, and fertility of the offspring because of the combined effect of harmful genes that…. common ancestry, as opposed to outbreeding, which is the mating of unrelated organisms. Inbreeding is defined as mating of two individuals that are closer related than two randomly chosen individuals of the respective population. Inbreeding and Inbreeding Depression. In its simplest form, inbreeding depression occurs when relatives in a small group mate, which reduces the population's ability to persist and reproduce. Coancestry among selected parents is determined by the average relationship among the selected parents as well as the numb er of parents selected. While some animals have significant levels of genetic variety by nature, others have defences against inbreeding including social behaviour or partner choice. 25% COI. Definition of consanguinity. The percentage of bloodline in each inbreeding degree and the difference between Inbr. Inbreeding depression - the reduced survival and fertility of offspring of related individuals - occurs in wild animal and plant populations as well as in humans, indicating. In a way it is like heterosis only in a purebred situation. Comments ( 221) Inbreeding is where cousins and other close relatives have children together. The degree of genetic relation between two individuals depends on the number and the position of common ancestors in their pedigree and can be measured by calculating the "coefficient of inbreeding" (COI. Gene tests showed that birds with a high degree of inbreeding had shorter lives and reproduced more poorly than birds that were not as inbred. Advantage is that it increases homozygosity and so is used for developing. For context, between 25 and 40 percent of. should also be included when determining the “costs” of inbreeding, and a chapter discussing clinical evidence regarding the dysfunctionality of families in which sexual incest has taken place. 3. Outbreeding - Download as a PDF or view online for free. 1. A single outcrossing can overcome inbreeding depression. The explanation for inbreeding depression lies in the evolutionary history of the population. Inbreeding leads to loss of diversity at the individual level, which can cause inbreeding depression, and at the population level, which can hinder ability to respond to a changing environment. Researchers predicted that if inbreeding depression occurs, the Santa Ana and Santa Monica populations could go extinct within 12 and 15 years. The mated individuals should have one or more common ancestor in their pedigree upto 4-6 generations. Inbreeding (also referred to as “consanguinity”) occurs when mates are related to each other due to incest, assortative mating, small population size, or population sub-structuring. If learning biology is in your DNA, you'll want. Inbreeding: mating between individuals with one or more common ancestors. Inbreeding is common, specifically, in the eastern part of Kentucky, and the region is plagued by the stereotype that every family is an inbred family. Understanding COI will help you in making sure that you are constantly reducing the COI after you do an inbreeding. Inbreeding involves the mating of closely related animals of the same species, within the same breed, for successive generations. Heat Detection and Infertility Issues. Inbreeding and heterosis are discussed along with the effects of inbreeding in humans and other organisms, regular systems of mating (selfing and partial selfing, sib mating), and the utility of recombinant inbred lines. In inbreeding. txt file. This horse species was widely used to improve the genetics and bloodlines of other horse breeds, which eventually led to its extinction. As the genetic architecture of common complex diseases of late onset is emerging through intensive research, it is intriguing to assess the predicted effect of inbreeding on those diseases. Animal breeding is a branch of animal science that addresses the evaluation of the genetic value. For more than 3000 years, the pharaoh was the political and religious leader in ancient Egypt. Results: The average inbreeding based on genotype across 227 breeds was F adj = 0. The phenotypic outcomes of inbreeding have been the focus of several reviews, in both captive and natural popu-lations. Co, a hub of “expert-created education content”, inbreeding can lead to a host of side effects ranging from smaller adult size and reduced fertility to an increased risk of genetic disorders. The systems are: 1. According to Jim Lents, owner of the Anxiety 4th line of horned Hereford cattle in Oklahoma, a line not outcrossed since the 1870’s, the difference between inbreeding and line-breeding is the amount of genetic influence any single animal plays. Engineering can allow this maturity to occur outside of the normal growth conditions that are favorable without genetic changes as well. Inbreeding is the process of mating genetically similar organisms. pone. Line Breeding 3. ) The loss of genetic diversity (i. Homozygosity is a measure of the. 93±0. But the Dragons did not fare much better. The formula for inbreeding depression is: Inbreeding depression =F 1 –F 2 /F 1 x100. , 2018) and RoBERTa (Liu et al. While cross-breeding is a major advantage, there’s an increased chance of inbreeding too. Mating of unrelated animals. 98±0. Definition of inbreeding noun in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Inbreeding is common in nature, and many laboratory studies have documented that inbreeding depression can reduce the fitness of individuals. Rather than including a blue pigment, they actually just lack the pigment that makes eyes brown. Definition. So amongst the pros and cons of captive breeding, inbreeding and even outbreeding is a major concern. But inbreeding is unintentionally generated by keeping small populations for breeding and during selection. Inbreeding depression is a term used to describe the decrease in “fitness” or “vigor” which is often associated with inbreeding ( Jensen and Wright, 2014 ). In some animals productivity is lost due to continuous inbreeding process 1. )inbreeding is likely, concern about outbreeding depres-sion should not prevent actions to alleviate inbreeding depression. Inbreeding is the mating of organisms closely related by ancestry. Another example of intensive inbreeding is called closebreeding. Understanding the impact of, and factors influencing, inbreeding in populations of conservation concern has been identified as an important issue for conservation practitioners [23-25]. It is an art and a. Inbreeding is a desirable way to strengthen dog. : the interbreeding of closely related individuals especially to preserve and fix desirable characters of and to eliminate unfavorable characters from a stock. Inbreeding depression refers to the reduction in levels of biological fitness in a given population as a result of inbreeding. Inbreeding (kin-crossing) is the process of mating between individuals that are related to each other. Decisions about which animals need to be mated are often seen in relation toMirjana Baban. Systems of Breeding: The ultimate aim of the breeder […]What indicates inbreeding? The coefficient of inbreeding (F) for a child of a consanguineous marriage is the probability that the child receives two alleles at a given locus that are both from the same ancestor and are, thus, identical by descent (autozygous). He or she held the titles “Lord of the Two Lands” and “High Priest of Every. Mating with relatives (inbreeding) can result in offspring with reduced survival and fertility, a phenomenon known as inbreeding depression [ 1 ]. See examples of INBREEDING used in a sentence. Five reasons why inbreeding may have considerable effect on post-reproductive human health. As the genetic architecture of common complex diseases of late onset is emerging through intensive research, it is intriguing to assess the predicted effect of inbreeding on those diseases. Question 5 1 pts Both inbreeding and selfing have advantages and disadvantages. Introduction. Next-of-kin marriage in pre-Islamic. 3. Animals often don’t have those concepts and it doesn’t. A. This is a greater than 100-fold risk compared to an outbred dog! Inbreeding in dogs has real consequences. 5% COI. In the same study that we have mentioned above, the researchers found out that 227 canine breeds (comprising 49,000+ dogs) have a 25% inbreeding coefficient. The advantage of inbreeding in cattle are: - It guides in developing a pure line in any animal. Harrison et al. 1. The average for the seven traits that inbreeding negatively impacted in the study was between 0. 2. It occurs as a result of cross between two genetically different parents. As inbreeding affects the number of ancestors in a pedigree, it results in modified organismal coalescence times. It can reduce litter size, increase the likelihood of health problems, and the dogs might develop undesirable traits. This tactic was used many times to develop and improve breed bloodline quality. Inbreeding ( anglicky in – uvnitř, breed – plodit) neboli příbuzenská plemenitba je v biologii páření mezi geneticky podobnými jedinci. In humans, high levels of inbreeding (3-6%) have. Disadvantages:-. Inbreeding is the mating of individuals that are related. 7k points) Inbreeding in Gymnosperms. . Nowadays, the most commonly advocated reason is as a means of genetic improvement. Our study provides DNA-based quantification of the prevalence of EI in a European ancestry. As expected, the. The highest pairwise correlation among the different inbreeding coefficient estimates was 0. 1. can exchange genes. You can use these devices to keep birds away from your garden or your home as well. I believe inbreeding depression and inherited recessive cull traits are the big fear with inbreeding and how gross it is in in humans. (c) Inbreeding increases homozygosity. Inbreeding leads to homozygosity which increases the chances of offspring being affected by genetic disorders or recessive traits. Thought of as bad by nearly everyone except the very experienced breeders who CAN and DO use it sucessfully. 1 day ago · The median inbreeding (F_{ROH>5}=0. cdr Author: Studio2 Created Date: 4/13/2016 2:24:06 PMInbreeding occurs in all closed breeding populations, and is increased by: small herd size; long working life of boars; performance testing and selection programs. Available evidence suggests that congenital and genetic disorders are responsible for a major proportion of infant mortality, morbidity, and handicap in Arab countries. Based on meta-analysis conducted on 57 studies and seven livestock species considering a wide variety of selected traits, it was estimated that inbreeding depression corresponds to on average a decrease of 0. With such limited total numbers and population dispersal caused by a hunter–gatherer existence, a substantial level of inbreeding. After finding a case, complete the following in your initial discussion post: Briefly summarize the case, including what happened, who. In this system, Rejection of self pollen is controlled by the diploid genotype of the sporophyte generation. , 2014), its effects on plant-pollinator interactions are less well. In-depth Guide. In inbred animals, the skull is more asymmetrically shaped. For breeders, it is a useful way of fixing traits. After many generations of inbreeding, the offspring will be almost genetically identical, and will produce identical offspring. Inbreeding decreases life span, resistance, and milk production in dairy cows. The resultant animals are essentially clones of each other at the genetic level. 3 and 0. For context, between 25 and 40 percent of people fall in. This is more than counteracted by the decline in selection intensity and loss of genetic variation. 62 in the period 1600–1800, but. In the same study that we have mentioned above, the researchers found out that 227 canine breeds (comprising 49,000+ dogs) have a 25% inbreeding coefficient. The reasons why inbreeding is bad (disadvantages of inbreeding) are as follow: Adverse effect on the growth rate of animals: When inbreeding is continuously or intensely carried out, the growth rate and mature weight of the offspring (progeny) is negatively affected. This method alleviates some apprehension about inbreeding but can be complexly damaging, too, as the animals in question still share a distant ancestor. The Spanish House of Habsburg came to power during the mid-1400s and remained there until the mid-1700s, but during that time, there was quite a bit of inbreeding. Inbreeding is the process of mating individuals that are closely related to each other. 5. Normally, breeds are chosen that have complementary traits that will enhance the offsprings’ economic value. Humans 01 January 2018. Artificial insemination can bring positive changes to crossbreeding programs, as well. 25 = 25% inbreeding (typically brother-sister) and a COI of 0. Inbreeding depression results due to fixation of unfavorable recessive genes in F 2, while in heterosis the unfavorable recessive genes of one line (parent) are covered by favorable dominant genes of other parents. The rate of inbreeding is a function of the characteristics of the foundation stock as well as limited population sizes in subsequent generations (Falconer, 1989). The mating of related individuals is called inbreeding. In the strict sense, all members of a breed are related. e. Outcrossing is the breeding of two rabbits from unrelated lines. I. But it has an interesting history. Unfortunately, most dog breeds hold high.